Daniel Smith's Watercolors on Don Jusko's RCW, for mixing complement color neutral dark colors.
The Original RCW painting, 12-19-95, had 4 tints to white on 12 colors with 8 shades to dark neutral.
Painting #816, acrylic, 15x22 on 1/8 mahogany plywood covered with polyester woven cloth.

Daniel Smith had the first correct magenta back then and called it Acra Violet PR122.
The first printed RCW version had 1 tint ring, 36 colors and 10 shades of each color.

Real Color Wheel 36, 12, 6 and 3 color.

Concentric Ring Numbers of the RCW36.

001. Outer rings, lighter pigment or tint hue of this color.
01. 100% full chroma for opaque pigments, 50% under-tone tint for transparent pigments.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07. Mass-Color of Green to Magenta transparent pigments.
08.
09.
10.
11. 10% intensity of the mass-color, matching crystals.
12. Center black.


The dots on the colorwheel locate different pigments on different concentric rings.

The Pigment Color Section description for Cadmium Yellow Lemon Opaque is, RCW36#1ring1
#1 is the Pure Yellow section and has 5 pigments in it, each getting darker.
Rings -1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 have pigments in them.

Brown is the darkest intensity of Yellow. Mix this low intensity brown with it's opposite color Ultramarine blue for a neutral dark.


Element Color = Crystal Color = Chemical Color = Pigment Color
They all show the same darker, analogious and opposite colors.

Only the Light color wheel is different, it's subtractive and gets darker by subtracting light,
it can only be matched by adding black pigment. 
While painting with pigments darks should be made to match nature by mixing in the opposite complementary color, not by adding black pigments.  They are not the same.

Blue-Violet is between Cyan and Magenta and is Ultramarine Blue in color. Blue-Violet is a photo industrial color term for the blue filter used to make the yellow printing plate. Red, Green and Blue are primary colors on the Light color wheel only.  Red and Blue pigment colors are secondary colors and can be made mixing the pigment primary colors of transparent Yellow and Cyan or Cyan and Magenta. Red is not the opposite of Green in nature, they are both secondary colors. The Red, Yellow and Blue color wheel is compleatly wrong and doesn't match either the Light, Element, Crystal, Chemical or Pigment color wheels in it's annalogious or opposition colors.

Pigment crystal colors, element colors and chemical class colors follow the same annalogious and dark intensity paths, only the names have changed.. and that caused some confusion..

The same brown to yellow color intensity scale of yellow is found in both element crystal compounds and class chemical compounds. The elements lead and iron have oxides with similar ranges of color from yellow to brown and red to brown in both the synthetic chemicals and natural oxides, just like their crystal counterpart. Pigment color oppositions match the color elements crystal oppositions, which match the chemical class colors with their paths of darker color intensities.

Yellow and red both darken to brown in crystals, natural pigments and chemical class pigments.

Yellow to Brown
Crystal compounds.
The Chrysoberle crystal with the element Beryllium is the standard yellow centering to brown transparent crystal.
The Citroen Quartz crystal with the element iron includes from yellow to orange to brown.
The Chalcopyrite crystal with iron will show colors from, yellow, orange, tan, red and brown.

Yellow to Brown Chemical compound class pigments,
Diarylide Yellow makes these colors.
Diarylide Yellow AAA,
Diarylide Orange, PO34 
Diarylide Red, PR166, Disazo Scarlet
Diarylide Brown  PY12 brown.

Yellow to Brown Chemical compound class pigments,
Monoazo-Aceoacety Benzimidazolone makes this scale of intensity of yellow colors.
Benzimidazolone makes these colors from yellow to brown only, like the Chrysoberle crystal and calcined lead oxides.
Benzimidazolone Yellow H3g, PY154 CI# 11781, yellow to yellow-orange.
Benzimidazolone Yellow PY151. Naples Yellow Hue
Benzimidazolone Orange, PO62, 11775. D.S = Permanent Orange.
Benzimidazolone Orange H5g, PO62. Schmincke = Chrome Orange
Benzimidazolone Orange H5g, PO62, Lukas W/C = Helio Genuine Orange.
Benzimidazolone Orange HL, PO36, 11780.
Benzimidazolone Red, Deep Scarlet, PR175, 12513.
Benzimidazolone Carmine, Hf3c, PR176, 12515.
Benzimidazolone Brown, Permanent Brown, PBr25, 12510.
Benzimidazolone Maroon, Napthamide Maroon, PR171, 12512
Benzimidazolone Bordeaux PV32, 12517

Yellow to Brown Oxide Pigments,  Opaque and Translucent
- Mars chemical compound colors colors are synthetic iron oxides and follow the same color color intensity scale getting darker as iron oxides. Both are matched in the Real Color Wheel.
- Old Holland, Iron Oxides, Gold Ocher Light orange side, opaque. Brown Ocher Pale red side. Brown Ocher darker yellow side. Red Ocher dark red side translucent. Brown Ocher Deep is close to Iron Oxide Burnt Umber, translucent.
- Talens, Burnt Umber translucent, PR101, Iron Oxide Brown natural.
- Blockx, Iron Oxide, Venetian Red natural opaque PR101
- Blocks, Iron Oxide, Italian Earth natural translucent high silica content.
- Schmincke, Grumbacher Iron Oxide Raw Sienna, PBr7, translucent high silica content.
- Old Holland, Iron oxide natural colors, Gold Ocher PY43, Brown Ocher Pale,
- Lefranc & Bourgeous, Vandyke Brown, PBr8 Manganese Brown.

Yellow to Orange Chemical Class compound pigments,
Tereachloroindolinone.
Isoindolinone Yellow, PY10, transparent
TC Isoindolinine Orange, PO61, Transparent

Yellow to Magenta Chemical class for magenta to red to orange to Yellow pigments,
Quinacridone.
Quinacridone Magenta Y form, RCW36#12ring5mass-tone, PR122, 73915,  the main and most light fast magenta used as the Thalo Green opposition.
Quinacridone Red, RCW36#10ring1, PR192, Red translucent with magenta under-tone.
Quinacridone Gold, RCW36#3ring5mass-tone, Yellow Oxide O/s hue in mass-tone, translucent.

Xanthene PTMA class, makes magenta hueRhodamine Yellow shade, PR82, RCW36#13ring1, True Magenta print out color with out a deep mass-tone. Maimeri calls it Garanium Lake,  I hear it's not permanent.
Graphtol Violet CI4rl, RCW36#12ring10,  PV46, the lowest intensity magenta is close enough to primary ring 13 to make an excellent dark neutral opposition when mixed with Thalo Green.

ALIZARIN to Brown Chemical Class compound pigments,
Anthraqinone A Vat Pigment makes these colors.
Alizarin Crimson 1.2 Dinydroxy Anthraqinone, transparent
Pyanthrone, Red Oxide hue, translucent
Perylene Red BL, Red, transparent
Perlene Red, Red-orange. translucent
Pyantrone Red, Red-Burnt Sienna hue

Cyan darkens to ultramarine blue hue in these transparent crystals and class chemicals... and the sky above us.

Crystal compounds
Cyan to blue in color depth.
AZURITE crystal, Cu3[CO3]2[0H]2. COPPER, Standard Azure/Cobalt color, RCW36#22ring1, [MCCC]. Includes Cyan, Azure (cobalt blue) and ultramarine blue hue, transparent, translucent and opaque, shows blue in mass.
CALCITE crystals, CaCO3, trigonal crystals, also aggregate and mass, colorless transparent to translucent. 
CALCITE crystals w/COPPER, "Iceland Spar crystal", Cyan, allochromatic, polarizing filter. In this crystal light cyan turns into dark ultramarine blue, like in the the Real Color Wheel.

BERYL crystal, Be3Al2[Si03]6, H7.5,SG-2.7, hexagonal crystal system.  The BERYLLIUM element in the Beryl crystal shows yellow to cyan to blue.
BERYL crystal with IRON element shows green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red, scarlet, magenta, purple, blue, azure, cyan and turquoise. The iron element at it's best will display the whole rainbow spectrum in Beryl.
EUCLASE crystal, BeASi04[0H], H6.7, SG-3, monoclinic system. BERYLLIUM, standard color cyan, RCW36#25ring5mass-tone, [CCCC], yellow to cyan, transparent.
CALCITE crystals w/COBALT, "Sphaeroc Cobaltite crystal", standard Magenta Cool, RCW36#13ring5mass-tone, [MMMM], allochromatic.

Chemical class compound pigments,
Cyan to blue.
The Copper Pathalocyanine chemical class, RCW36#25ring5mass-tone, Primary PB15:1, PB15:2, PB15:3 is bluer. This color range is as the cyan Iceland Spar crystal, it shows from cyan to ultramarine blue and less useful a as cyan pigment color. The pigment's mass-tone color looks darker then ultramarine blue hue. Perhaps an even higher Color Index number will show a transparent blue, as is possible in the Azurite crystal.
The chemical class of Ultramarine blue is a complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur, it makes only slight variations this blue hue.
Ultramarine Blue PB29, translucent and Pathalocyanine Blue PB15 transparent (Cyan) combined will tint from blue to cyan. Holbein, calls it Cobalt Blue Tint.


True Transparent Test, the under-tone of any tested pigment will not show lighter on a black paper.
Translucent pigments are semi-transparent or semi-opaque, weak opaque colors. Both strong and weak opaque colors all will lighten a black paper, so they are not transparent.
Aureolin, PY40, Potassium Cobaltinitrite, is not transparent as has always been claimed, it's a translucent, a weak opaque. Chemicals can make a transparent dark brown pigment, oxides can make translucent and opaque pigments.

Here are the transparent yellow chemical pigments. Indian Yellow can be made with these Chemical Class colors;
Disazo, which makes Dairylide Yellow HR70.
Anthraquinone, which makes Anthrapyrimidine Yellow.
Dioxine Yellow Nickel Complex which makes Nickel Dioxine Yellow.
Tetrachloroindolinone, which makes Isoindolinone Yellow R, the brown/side Indian Yellow.

Using Transparent Yellow.
Indian Yellow is a set of two colors, transparent yellow-orange to yellow and yellow ocher hue to yellow. One is a strong yellow to mix with magenta making orange to crimson rose, including bright red, the other is for darker yellow browns and browner greens before adding burnt umber to the Ultramarine Blue mix. These two transparent duel-toned colors mix into a lot of greens.

    * Daniel Smith, Indian Yellow (hue), Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, Vat Yellow 20, PY108. 68420. duel-toned from yellow hue to yellow.
    * Lefranc and Bourgeois, Indian Yellow (Imitation), PY153 Nickel Dioxine Yellow Complex,  is a translucent duel-toned yellow-orange mass-tone to cadmium yellow hue under-tone and top-tone. Makes great reds and warm yellows.
    * Grumbacher Indian Yellow Hue, PY1 Arylide Yellow G / PO1 Hansa Orange, translucent, less dual-toned then Nickel Dioxine Yellow.Grumbacher Indian Yellow Hue, PY1 Arylide Yellow G / PO1 Hansa Orange, translucent, less dual-toned then Nickel Dioxine Yellow.
    * Talens, Indian Yellow, PY110 Isoindolinone, from yellow-orange-ocher to yellow. Makes clean reds and warm yellows.
    * Talens, Gamboge, PY97 Arylide Yellow Fgl, Duel-toned orange-ocher to yellow.
    * Schmincke, Chrome Yellow Deep (misnamed, not lead chrome), PY83 Diarylide Hr70, from yellow pale to yellow deep duel-tone. Makes clean reds and warm yellows.
    * Sennelier, Yellow Lake, PY83 Diarylide Hr70 / PY43 Yellow Ocher Iron Oxide. These are the same pigments as in Old Holland's Indian Yellow Brown Side. Duel-toned translucent.
    * Schmincke, Permanent Yellow Deep, (Indian Yellow hue), Pr154 Benzimidazolone Yellow H3g / PY10 Isoindolinone Yellow R. Makes clean reds and yellow-orange yellows.
    * Sennelier, Yellow Lake, PY83 Diarylide Hr70 / PY43 Yellow Ocher, is not transparent so it is not a Lake (transparent) color. It's translucent because of the addition of Yellow Ocher Oxide.